Hand Arthritis
Our hands allow us to perform intricate tasks, from needle threading to grasping a coffee mug. When arthritis takes hold in these hardworking appendages, the resulting pain, stiffness, and loss of mobility can significantly impact our quality of life. Arthritis is a common condition that affects millions of individuals, and the hands are one of the primary areas where it can manifest.
Whether you’re experiencing the early stages of joint discomfort or grappling with advanced arthritic changes, Florida Medical Clinic Orlando Health has the treatment to help you best deal with your arthritis.
Types of Hand Arthritis
While numerous forms of arthritis can affect the hands, the most common types include:
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Osteoarthritis, known as “wear-and-tear” arthritis, is the most prevalent type of hand arthritis. It occurs when the protective cartilage at the ends of the bones gradually breaks down, leading to bone-on-bone friction and bony growths, or osteophytes. OA is typically seen in older adults and often affects the base of the thumb, the knuckles, and the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in which the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the joints, causing inflammation, pain, and joint damage. RA often affects the same joints on both sides of the body, such as the wrists and the knuckles of the fingers. Over time, the inflammation can lead to the destruction of the cartilage and surrounding bone.
Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA)
Psoriatic arthritis is a form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs in individuals with psoriasis. In addition to the skin manifestations, PsA can cause joint pain, stiffness, and swelling, often affecting the fingers and toes in a distinctive “sausage-like” appearance.
Juvenile Arthritis
Juvenile arthritis affects children under 16, challenging the belief that arthritis only impacts older people. Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for managing symptoms and preventing long-term joint damage.
Symptoms and Causes of Hand Arthritis
Common symptoms of hand arthritis include:
- Pain: Dull, achy, or burning sensation in joints, especially with use.
- Stiffness: Joints feel stiff, particularly in the morning or after inactivity.
- Swelling: Joints appear swollen and tender.
- Decreased Range of Motion: Limited range of motion as arthritis progresses.
- Deformity: Visible deformity and joint misalignment in advanced cases.
- Weakness: Loss of grip strength and difficulty with everyday tasks.
The leading causes of hand arthritis include:
- Age: Increased risk with age as joint cartilage wears down.
- Genetics: Genetic predisposition to types like rheumatoid arthritis.
- Joint Injury: Traumatic injuries (fractures, dislocations) increase post-traumatic arthritis risk.
- Obesity: Excess weight stresses joints, contributing to osteoarthritis.
- Occupation: High-impact, repetitive hand activities (manual labor, sports) raise arthritis risk.
Diagnosing Hand Arthritis
Diagnosing hand arthritis requires a thorough evaluation by your physician. This includes a physical exam to assess joint issues, imaging tests like X-rays or MRI scans to view joint damage, and blood tests to check for specific biomarkers. The patient’s medical history is also considered. Combining these assessments allows your physician to accurately diagnose hand arthritis and create personalized treatment plans based on its type and severity.
Non-Surgical Treatments for Hand Arthritis
The main goals of hand arthritis treatment are to reduce pain, improve joint function, and prevent further damage. Non-surgical methods can effectively manage symptoms.
Common non-surgical treatments include:
- Medications: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen can help. In some cases, prescription medications may be used.
- Topical Treatments: Anti-inflammatory creams applied directly to joints can provide local relief.
- Splinting and Bracing: These support joints, reduce strain, and ease pain.
- Physical Therapy: Customized exercises can improve joint mobility and function.
- Steroid Injections: These can temporarily reduce inflammation and pain in affected joints.
- Lifestyle Changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, low-impact exercises, and ergonomic tools can help manage symptoms.
Surgical Treatments for Hand Arthritis
When non-surgical treatments aren’t effective, surgery may be considered. Options include:
- Joint Replacement: Damaged joints are replaced with artificial implants.
- Joint Fusion: Bones of the affected joint are fused, providing stability and pain relief.
- Partial Joint Fusion: Only part of the joint is fused, maintaining some motion.
- Osteotomy: Bone is cut and realigned to restore proper joint alignment.
- Tendon Transfer: This restores function in cases with tendon or ligament damage.
- Arthroscopic Debridement: Minimally invasive procedure to remove damaged tissue and smooth joint surfaces.
Treatment choice depends on the patient’s needs and your physician’s recommendations. Patients should discuss options with their surgeon to understand benefits, risks, and recovery expectations.
Preventative Measures for Hand Arthritis
You can’t entirely prevent arthritis, but you can take steps to protect your joints and reduce your risk of getting it. You can also try to manage the pain and discomfort of arthritis at home. Here are some preventative measures:
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess weight stresses joints, including the hands. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help reduce this strain.
- Exercise Regularly: Do low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling. They keep joints flexible and muscles strong without over-stressing the joints. Hand-specific exercises can also help maintain joint health and mobility.
- Protect Your Joints: Use ergonomic tools and equipment to reduce strain during daily activities. It is also important to use proper lifting techniques and avoid repeating motions that can damage joints.
- Stay Hydrated: Adequate hydration helps keep joints lubricated. This is essential for their proper function and health.
- Healthy Diet: Incorporate foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and other anti-inflammatory nutrients. Fish, nuts, seeds, and leafy greens can support joint health.
By adopting these habits, you can be proactive about managing your hand health and reduce the impact of arthritis on your daily life.
The Importance of Early Intervention and Proactive Management
Early intervention is crucial for managing hand arthritis and preserving joint function. Regular checkups and timely treatment can improve long-term outcomes. Patients should seek medical help at the first signs of joint discomfort to avoid worsening symptoms.
Take Control of Hand Arthritis
When hand arthritis symptoms appear, quick action is critical to control pain and keep joints working well. Regular doctor visits and prompt care can significantly boost long-term results. Patients should get medical help when they feel joint pain to stop symptoms from worsening. Know that you’re not facing this alone. With the correct information, help, and treatment, people with hand arthritis can regain freedom, do activities they love, and lead prosperous lives.
Our expert team at Florida Medical Clinic Orlando Health offers custom care just for you. Book your appointment with us to start your path to healthier hands today.